per Concordiam

By Lt. Col. Ryan B. Ley, U.S. Air Force, Marshall Center senior fellow Photos By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Over the past 500 years, 75% of the cases (12 out of 16) in which a rising power has confronted a ruling power have resulted in…

By Dr. Paweł Bernat, security studies lecturer, Polish Military University of Aviation The date July 17, 1975, is significant in the history of space exploration: A United States Apollo module docked with a Soviet Soyuz capsule, the…

Using Covert Forces to Wage Hybrid Warfare By Dr. Cyprian Aleksander Kozera, assistant professor, War Studies University, Warsaw The world witnessed Russia’s diversionary, or hybrid, warfare in 2014 with the invasions of Crimea and…

Assessing Russia’s regional reach By Dr. Graeme P. Herd, Marshall Center professor  |  Photos by The Associated Press On May 4, 2021, the foreign ministers of the Group of Seven (G-7) developed nations met in London to discuss critical…

EDITED BY:  Dr. Graeme P. Herd PUBLISHED BY:  George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies REVIEWED BY:  Patrick Swan, per Concordiam contributor To the West, Russia at times seems to be the goddess of discord. Uninvited…

Great power competition in the Arctic By Lt. Col. Ryan B. Ley, U.S. Air Force, senior U.S. fellow at the Marshall Center Historically, the Arctic has been considered “high north, low tension.” While the immediate prospect of conflict…

By James K. Wither, Marshall Center professor Relations between the West and Russia have returned to a level of mistrust and antipathy not experienced since the height of the Cold War. NATO’s declaration at the July 2018 Brussels summit…

Adapting to a Warming Arctic By Dr. Alexandra Middleton About 4 million people live permanently in the Arctic region, of whom 10% are Indigenous peoples. The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. Climate change…

Shaped by Unipolarity, Bipolarity or Multipolarity? By Professor Rasmus Gjedssø Bertelsen and Dr. Mariia Kobzeva, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway Photos by The Associated Press There are two misleading narratives circulating…

Forecasting regional events in the near future By Nataliia Haluhan The Arctic ice cap has melted significantly over the past 50 years. Such climate change not only creates challenges and opportunities in terms of changing the region’s…