per Concordiam

A most exquisite and indispensable fifth-generation warfare tool By Joseph Vann, Marshall Center  |  Photos By The Associated Press The art of propaganda is in the midst of a phenomenal revolution that few appreciate. We are witnessing…

Communications challenges on Europe’s eastern flank  By Dr. Ralf Roloff and Dr. Pál Dunay, College of International and Security Studies, George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies Photos By AFP/GETTY IMAGES States…

By James K. Wither Following the Russian Federation’s invasion of Crimea in March 2014, hybrid warfare ceased to be a subject studied only by military strategists and entered the wider policy domain as a significant security challenge for…

Russia adjusts its information operations to fit the conflict By Emilio J. Iasiello Russia has a long history of propaganda and disinformation operations — techniques it now adapts to the online environment. As the information space…

Defending against nonlinear threats By Col. John J. Neal, U.S. Army Cold War deterrence theories are no longer sufficient to guide states in the current era of great power competition. The linear concept of military escalation is not…

A Hybrid State Unbounded by Limitations By Col. Ryan L. Worthan, U.S. Army NATO’s final communique from the 2016 Warsaw summit recognized the changed security environment in which Russia’s malign “activities and policies have reduced…

Russia’s Weaponization of International and Domestic Law By Mark Voyger Senior lecturer, Russian and Eastern European studies, Baltic Defence College Russia’s attempts to assert its hegemonic ambitions against Ukraine and other countries…

Hybrid Warfare in the Legal and Strategic Gray Zone By Lt. Douglas Cantwell, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, U.S. Navy The best way to boil a frog, the adage goes, is to turn the heat up slowly enough so the frog does not realize it is…

Cyber attacks are key to Russian information warfare By Piret Pernik, Researcher, Estonian Academy of Security Sciences per Concordiam Illustration  |  Photos By AFP/GETTY IMAGES In recent years, liberal democracies have found themselves…

Bulgaria’s national strategy to counter hybrid threats By Mihail Naydenov, defense and international security expert The Kremlin’s hybrid warfare campaign against NATO and the European Union — in particular the subversive activities…